• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    HIGH FREQUENCY TRANSMISSION PANEL The present invention relates to a panel (10), comprising at least: -a first panel (1.1) with an external face (III) and an internal face (IV), -a transparent electrically coated conductor (3), which is arranged on the outer face (III) and / or on the inner face (IV) of the first panel (1.1), and - a region (9) with at least one outer uncoated structure (4.1) and one internal uncoated (4.2), where the electrically conductive transparent coating (3) is located between the external uncoated structure (4.1) and the internal uncoated structure (4.2) and within the internal uncoated structure (4.2).
    公开号:BR112015007536B1
    申请号:R112015007536-3
    申请日:2013-09-27
    公开日:2021-03-02
    发明作者:Noemie ROUSSELET；Stefan Droste；Michael Behmke；Bernd Stelling
    申请人:Saint-Gobain Glass France；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    FIELD OF THE INVENTION
    [0001] The invention relates to a panel, in particular, a vehicle window panel, with an electrically conductive transparent coating and low transmission attenuation for electromagnetic radiation in the high frequency range. The invention further relates to a method for producing such a panel and its use.
    [0002] Current motor vehicles require a large number of technical devices to send and receive electromagnetic radiation for the operation of basic services, such as radio reception, preferably in the AM, FM, or DAB bands, mobile telephony in the GSM 900 bands. and DCS 1800, UMTS and LTE, as well as satellite navigation (GPS) and WLAN.
    [0003] At the same time, the glazing of modern vehicles increasingly has electrically conductive coatings on the entire surface and on all sides and transparent to visible light. These electrically conductive transparent coatings protect, for example, interiors against overheating due to sunlight or cold, reflecting incident thermal radiation, as is known from EP 378917 A. Electrically conductive transparent coatings can perform directed heating of the panel by applying an electrical voltage, as it is known from WO 2010/043598 A1.
    [0004] Common to electrically conductive transparent coatings, is the fact that they are also impermeable to electromagnetic radiation in the high frequency range. Glazing on all sides and on the entire surface of a vehicle with electrically conductive transparent coatings makes it impossible to transmit and receive electromagnetic radiation inside. For the operation of sensors, such as rain sensors, camera systems, or fixed antennas, one or two localized regions of the electrically conductive transparent coating are uncoated. These uncoated regions form the so-called communication window or data transmission window and are known, for example, from EP 1 605 729 A2.
    [0005] Since electrically conductive transparent coatings affect the color and reflectance of a panel, the communication windows are very visually clear. Disturbances in the driver's visual field, which impair driving safety and which must be absolutely avoided, can result from uncoated areas. Consequently, the communication windows are arranged in discrete positions on the panel, for example, in the region of the internal rear view mirror of a windshield, and covered by black prints and plastic screens.
    [0006] Such communication windows are too small to allow the transmission and reception of high frequency electromagnetic radiation, which is necessary, for example, for mobile telephony and satellite navigation. However, the user expects to be able to operate the mobile phones in any position inside a vehicle.
    [0007] From EP 0 717 459 A1, US 2003/0080909 A1 and DE 198 17 712 C1, panels with a metal coating are known, all of which have a grid-like coating of the metal coating. The grid-shaped de-coating acts as a low-pass filter for high frequency incident electromagnetic radiation. The distances between the grid elements are small compared to the wavelength of high-frequency electromagnetic radiation and, therefore, a relatively large fraction of the coating is standardized and the view through the panel is relatively severely impaired. De-coating a relatively large fraction of the layer is tedious and expensive.
    [0008] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a panel with an electrically conductive transparent coating, which allows the proper transmission of high frequency electromagnetic radiation for the operation of mobile telephony in the GSM 900 and DCS 1800, UMTS, LTE bands, as well such as satellite navigation (GPS) and WLAN, which is visually appealing and does not substantially restrict the view through the panel and which can be produced economically. These and other objectives are achieved according to the proposal of the invention by a panel with the characteristics of the independent claims. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are indicated by the characteristics of the subclaims.
    [0009] A method for producing a panel with high frequency transmission, as well as the use of such a panel is evident from additional independent claims.
    [0010] A panel, according to the invention, comprises at least one first panel with an outer face and an inner face, at least one electrically conductive transparent coating, which is arranged on the outer face and / or on the inner face of the first panel and at least one region with at least one outer uncoated structure and one inner uncoated structure, where the electrically conductive transparent coating is situated between the outer uncoated structure and the inner uncoated structure and within the inner uncoated structure.
    [0011] The present invention is based on the knowledge that a panel, according to the invention with internal and external uncoated structures, has suitably high permeability for high frequency electromagnetic radiation. In contrast to panels according to the prior art, it is not necessary to coat the electrically conductive transparent coating over large areas. Uncoated structures with only a low line width that do not substantially impair the view through the panel and the aesthetic appearance of the panel are sufficient.
    [0012] The panel, according to the invention, can be implemented for this as a single panel made of a first panel with an electrically conductive transparent coating.
    [0013] Alternatively, the panel, according to the invention, can be implemented as a composite panel. A composite panel, according to the invention, preferably comprises a first panel, an intermediate layer, and a second panel, as well as at least one electrically conductive transparent coating, which is disposed between the intermediate layer and the first panel and / or between the middle layer and the second panel. The electrically conductive transparent coating can also be arranged on a carrier film, which is preferably laminated within the first and second panels through other intermediate layers.
    [0014] The first panel and / or the second panel may be, both in the case of a single panel and in the case of a composite panel, a single panel or an already laminated composite panel made of two or more panels, which form a rigidly connected unit by lamination.
    [0015] In an advantageous embodiment of the panel according to the invention, the outer uncoated structure and the internal uncoated structure are in the shape of a rectangle, rhombus, trapezoid, and in particular, a square. Alternatively, the uncoated structures may be in the shape of a cross, an oval shape, or a circle. With these shapes, it was possible to obtain particularly high permeability for high frequency electromagnetic radiation.
    [0016] Alternatively, the uncoated structures may be in the form of a hexagon, in particular, a regular hexagon with equally long sides or an octagon, in particular a regular octagon. With these shapes, it was possible to obtain particularly high permeabilities for high frequency electromagnetic radiation under different directions of polarization.
    [0017] In an advantageous embodiment of the panel according to the invention, the outer uncoated structure is completely surrounded by the electrically conductive transparent coating. In other words: The outer uncoated structure is completely encircled at its outer edge by the electrically conductive transparent coating.
    [0018] In another advantageous embodiment of the panel according to the invention, the internal uncoated structure is completely surrounded at its inner edge by the electrically conductive transparent coating.
    [0019] In another advantageous modality, the intermediate region between the outer uncoated structure and the internal uncoated structure is completely filled with the electrically conductive transparent coating. The double structure created in this way has the particular advantage that high permeabilities for high frequency electromagnetic radiation are obtained with only a small standardization effort. At the same time, processing time and processing cost can be kept low.
    [0020] In an advantageous embodiment of the panel according to the invention, the distance b between the uncoated structures is from 0.5 mm to 30 mm, preferably from 1 mm to 5 mm. With this distance b, it was possible to observe particularly low transmission attenuations for high frequency electromagnetic radiation. Needless to say, the ideal distance b depends on the frequency of the high frequency electromagnetic radiation for which the transmission through the panel is optimized. This can be determined by simple simulations.
    [0021] The external uncoated structure and the internal uncoated structure have, in particular, the same shape. In a particularly advantageous embodiment, the outer uncoated structure and the inner uncoated structure are arranged concentrically in relation to each other. In other words: The two uncoated structures have a common center and, with the same shape, a constant distance between the uncoated lines of the structure.
    [0022] In another advantageous embodiment of a panel according to the invention, a plurality of uncoated structures with different shapes is arranged on a panel. This has the particular advantage that a higher bandwidth for multiple frequency bands and different polarization can be achieved.
    [0023] In another advantageous embodiment, the inner region of the inner uncoated structure is completely filled with the electrically conductive transparent coating or has merely one or a plurality of other double structures consisting of other smaller uncoated outer structures and other smaller uncoated inner structures. This makes it possible to obtain particularly high permeabilities for high frequency electromagnetic radiation, with only a small standardization effort. At the same time, processing time and processing costs can be kept low.
    [0024] In another advantageous embodiment of a panel according to the invention, the outer uncoated structure and the internal uncoated structure are connected to each other via at least one additional uncoated line and preferably via 2 to 100 additional uncoated lines. The additional uncoated line is preferably straight and / or orthogonally arranged for the uncoated structures. The distance between the lines is preferably less than a quarter of the wavelength X of high frequency electromagnetic radiation and particularly preferably X / 20 to X / 500. Alternatively, the additional stripped line may have a curved path and, for example, a sinusoidal path. The additional uncoated lines have the particular advantage that less disruptive field-induced currents can form between the outer uncoated structure 4.1 and the inner uncoated structure 4.2. Thus, particularly high permeabilities for high frequency electromagnetic radiation can be obtained. In a particularly advantageous embodiment, the area of the additional uncoated lines between the outer uncoated structure and the internal uncoated structure is 0.1% to 25% and preferably 1% to 5% of the area of the intermediate region between the outer uncoated structure and the internal uncoated structure. Thus, high permeabilities for high frequency electromagnetic radiation can be obtained with just a small effort of standardization. At the same time, processing time and processing costs can be kept low.
    [0025] In another advantageous embodiment, the coated structures according to the invention have a line width d from 0.025 mm to 0.3 mm and preferably from 0.03 mm to 0.14 mm. Such line widths are technically simple to produce, for example, by laser standardization. In addition, they hardly harm optical vision through the panel.
    [0026] The electrically conductive transparent coating comprises at least one region with uncoated structures, preferably at least four regions and particularly preferably from 10 to 50 regions. The regions are preferably arranged horizontally and / or vertically. A slight deviation from the horizontal and / or vertical arrangement can result from the fact that the structures coated in the electrically conductive transparent coating are uncoated on a flat panel and the panel with the uncoated structures is then curved. With such distribution of the stripped lines, a particularly low transmission attenuation and favorable distribution of transmission and reception energy behind the panel can be achieved. A region with uncoated structures arranged horizontally and / or vertically arranged can also have, in its entirety, an angle α in relation to the horizontal, for example, from 10 ° to 80 ° and preferably from 30 ° to 50 °.
    [0027] The fraction of area of the regions that comprise the uncoated structures and the intermediate spaces directly adjacent to the uncoated structures is advantageously from 7% to 25% of the total area of the panel. With this fraction of area, the particularly low transmission attenuation and favorable distribution of energy reception and transmission behind the panel can be obtained. At the same time, there is a favorable correlation between improved transmission and processing costs for coating.
    [0028] The number of regions and undressed structures is managed by the requirements for transmission attenuation and the dimensions of the panel. In the case of a windshield, the size and configuration of the internal space, in particular, need to be taken into account.
    [0029] In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, such as a windshield, the regions are arranged with the structures uncoated outside the driver's field of vision A. The driver's field of vision A is defined, for example, according to Annex 18 ECE R43. Although the line widths of the uncoated structures, according to the invention, are very thin and, consequently, visually imperceptible, it is considered imperative to avoid any break in the driver's field of vision.
    [0030] In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the minimum distance h between two adjacent regions with the uncoated structures is from 1 mm to 100 mm, preferably from 1 mm to 10 mm and particularly preferably from 2 mm to 6 mm. The minimum distance h depends, in particular, on the frequency for which the panel is intended to have an optimized transmission. The minimum distance h is preferably the minimum horizontal or vertical distance between two adjacent regions. For minimum h distances less than 1 mm, a strong coupling between the undressed structures that results in an undesirable increase in transmission attenuation can occur.
    [0031] The length l of the uncoated structures and, in particular, of the maximum length of the external uncoated structure is preferably from 10 mm to 150 mm. The length l is adapted to the frequency band or frequency bands for which the panel will have the least possible transmission attenuation. Furthermore, the length l depends on the wavelength of the high frequency electromagnetic radiation, the sheet resistance of the electrically conductive transparent coating and the effective relative permittivity εeff of the panels and the intermediate layer.
    [0032] For operation of mobile telephony in the GSM 900 band, the length l is preferably from 35 mm to 120 mm and preferably particularly from 40 mm to 60 mm. In the 1.8 GHz region, the length l with low transmission attenuation is preferably from 15mm to 35mm. The optimized length l with low transmission attenuation with adequate bandwidth can be determined by those skilled in the art in the context of simple experiments and simulations.
    [0033] In another preferred embodiment, the length l of the uncoated structures and, in particular, the maximum length of the external uncoated structure, disregarding the sheet resistance, is 2 / (7 ^ eêfr) to (3 * A) / ( 2 * 4εff ')' where X indicates the wavelength for which the transmission is intended to be optimized. The length l is preferably approximately equal to 2 / (4 ^ εeff). According to the inventor's investigations revealed, structures with lengths l in this range have low transmission attenuation with adequate bandwidth.
    [0034] In an advantageous panel mode according to the invention, b / l <1/5, where b is the distance between the outer uncoated structure and the internal uncoated structure. According to the inventor's investigations revealed, such relationships between distance b and length l deliver good and adequate bandwidth in the transmission through the panel, according to the invention, in the required wavelength range for which said transmission has been optimized.
    [0035] The sides of the uncoated structures are arranged, in the case of rectangular, square, trapezoidal shapes, preferably horizontally or vertically, in particular with regard to the arrangement in the installed state of the panel at its point of use. The lines that run horizontally from the uncoated structures are particularly advantageous in the installed position, as they are visually less disruptive and cause less scattered light and reflections than the lines that run non-horizontally and not vertically.
    [0036] In an advantageous embodiment of the panel according to the invention, at least one other outer uncoated structure is disposed within a first internal uncoated structure and another internal uncoated structure is disposed within another external uncoated structure. The other uncoated structures preferably have the same shape and are preferably arranged on top of each other and concentrically relative to the first uncoated structures. Needless to say, the other uncoated structures can also have different shapes or their centers can be displaced. The distance between the first external uncoated structure and the first internal uncoated structure is preferably equal to the distance between the other external uncoated structure and the other internal uncoated structure. Needless to say, the distances do not have to be the same. Owing to the different lengths of the outer coated structures arranged nested with each other, such panels according to the invention have improved transmission for a plurality of frequency bands.
    [0037] The panel preferably contains glass, particularly preferably flat glass, float glass, quartz glass, borosilicate glass, sodium-calcium glass, or transparent plastic, preferably rigid clear plastic, in particular polyethylene, polypropylene, polycarbonate, polymethyl methacrylate, polystyrene, polyamide, polyester, polyvinyl chloride, and / or mixtures thereof. Suitable types of glass are known, for example, from EP 0 847 965 B1.
    [0038] The thickness of the panel can vary widely and therefore can be ideally adapted to the requirements of each individual case. Preferably, panels with standard thicknesses from 1.0 mm to 25 mm and preferably from 1.4 mm to 2.1 mm are used. The size of the panel can vary widely and is determined by the size of the application, according to the invention.
    [0039] In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the panel has dielectric properties and a relative permittivity of 2 to 8. A panel made of polymers preferably has a relative permittivity of 2 to 5. A panel made of glass preferably has a relative permittivity from 6 to 8 and, in particular, from approximately 7.
    [0040] The panel can have any three-dimensional shape. Preferably, the three-dimensional shape does not have such shading zones that can, for example, be coated by sputtering. Preferably, the panel is flat or slightly or very curved in one or more spatial directions. The panel can be colorless or colored.
    [0041] In a preferred embodiment of the panel, according to the invention, as a composite panel, at least one of the panels contains glass and at least one of the panels contains plastic. In particular, in the case of use according to the invention as a vehicle window panel, the outer panel contains panel and the inner panel contains plastic.
    [0042] The panels of the composite panel are connected to each other by means of at least one intermediate layer. The intermediate layer preferably contains a thermoplastic polymer, such as polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), polyurethane (PU), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), or a plurality of such layers, preferably with thicknesses between 0, 3 mm and 0.9 mm.
    [0043] The electrically conductive transparent coating according to the invention is permeable to electromagnetic radiation, preferably electromagnetic radiation of a wavelength of 300 to 1300 nm, in particular, to visible light. “Permeable” means that the total transmission of the composite panel complies with the legal requirements for windshields and front side windows and is permeable, in particular, to visible light, preferably> 70% and, in particular,> 75% . For rear side windows and rear windows, the term “permeable” can also mean 10% to 70% light transmission.
    [0044] The electrically conductive transparent coating is preferably a functional coating, particularly preferably a functional coating with sun protection. A sun-protected coating has reflection properties in the infrared range and thus in the range of sunlight. Thus, the heating of the interior of a vehicle or building as a result of sunlight is advantageously reduced. Such coatings are known to those skilled in the art and typically contain at least one metal, in particular silver or an alloy containing silver. The electrically conductive transparent coating may include a sequence of a plurality of individual layers, in particular at least one layer of metal and dielectric layers that include, for example, at least one metal oxide. The metal oxide preferably contains zinc oxide, tin oxide, indium oxide, titanium oxide, silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, or the like, as well as combinations of one or a plurality thereof. The dielectric material may also contain silicon nitride, silicon carbide or aluminum nitride.
    [0045] This layered structure is generally obtained by a sequence of deposition procedures that are performed by a vacuum method, such as sputum assisted by magnetic field. Very thin metallic layers, which contain, in particular, titanium or niobium, can also be supplied on both sides of the silver layer. The lower metal layer serves as an adhesion and crystallization layer. The top metal layer serves as a protective and absorbent layer to prevent a change in silver during the other steps of the process.
    [0046] Particularly suitable electrically conductive transparent coatings include at least one metal, preferably silver, nickel, chromium, niobium, tin, titanium, copper, palladium, zinc, gold, cadmium, aluminum, silicon, tungsten or its alloys, and / or at least one layer of metal oxide, preferably tin-doped indium oxide (ITO), aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO), fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO, SnO2: F), antimony-doped tin oxide (ATO, SnO2: Sb), and / or carbon nanotubes and / or electrically conductive optically transparent polymers, preferably poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophenes), polystyrene sulfonate, poly (4,4-diotylcilopentadithiophene), 2,3- dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone, mixtures and / or copolymers.
    [0047] The thickness of the electrically conductive transparent coating can vary widely and can be adapted to the requirements of each individual case. It is essential that the thickness of the electrically conductive transparent coating is not so great that it becomes impervious to electromagnetic radiation, preferably electromagnetic radiation of a wavelength of 300 to 1,300 nm, and in particular to visible light. The electrically conductive transparent coating preferably has a layer thickness between 10 nm to 5 μm and particularly preferably from 30 nm to 1 μ m.
    [0048] The sheet resistance of the electrically conductive transparent coating is preferably 0.35 ohm / square to 200 ohms / square, preferably 0.5 ohm / square to 200 ohm / square, more particularly preferably 0.6 ohm / square to 30 ohm / square, and in particular, from 2 ohm / square to 20 ohm / square. The electrically conductive transparent coating can, in principle, have foil resistances even lower than 0.35 ohm / square, particularly if, in use, only a low light transmission is required. The electrically conductive transparent coating preferably has good infrared reflection properties and / or particularly low emissivity (low-E).
    [0049] In an advantageous embodiment of a composite panel according to the invention, at least one electrically conductive transparent layer is located on at least one of the inner sides of the panels. In the case of a composite panel made of two panels, an electrically conductive transparent layer can be located on the inner side of one or other panels. Alternatively, an electrically conductive transparent layer may, in each case, be located on each of the two inner sides. In the case of a composite panel made up of more than two panels, multiple electrically conductive transparent coatings can also be located on several internal sides of the panels. In this case, the regions with uncoated structures are preferably arranged in a congruent way in the different coatings, in order to guarantee the low transmission attenuation.
    [0050] Alternatively, an electrically conductive transparent coating can be embedded between two intermediate thermoplastic layers. In this case, the electrically conductive transparent coating is preferably applied to a carrier film or carrier panel. The carrier film or carrier panel preferably contains a polymer, in particular polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), polyurethane (PU), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), or combinations thereof.
    [0051] In an alternative embodiment of the invention, the electrically conductive transparent layer or a carrier film with the electrically conductive transparent layer is arranged on one side of a single panel.
    [0052] The invention includes a method for producing a panel according to the invention as described above, where at least: (a) the electrically conductive transparent coating is applied to the outer face and / or the inner face of a first panel, and (b) at least one region with at least one outer uncoated structure and one inner uncoated structure is introduced into the electrically conductive transparent coating, where the electrically conductive transparent coating is situated between the external uncoated structure and the internal uncoated structure and within the uncoated structure internal.
    [0053] In an alternative method, according to the invention, the electrically conductive transparent coating can be applied to a carrier film, for example, a PET film. The carrier film can be attached to the first panel directly or through at least one intermediate layer. The region with the uncoated structures can be inserted into the electrically conductive transparent coating, before or after connection to the first panel.
    [0054] The application of the electrically conductive transparent coating in the process step (a) can be done using known methods, preferably by sputtering assisted by magnetic field. This is particularly advantageous in relation to the simple, fast, economical and uniform coating of the first panel. The electrically conductive transparent coating can, however, also be applied, for example, by vapor deposition, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), plasma-induced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD), or by wet chemical methods .
    [0055] The first panel can be subjected to a temperature treatment after the process step (a). The first panel with the electrically conductive coating is heated to a temperature of at least 200 ° C, preferably at least 300 ° C. The temperature treatment can serve to increase the transmission and / or reduce the resistance of the electrically transparent coating sheet. conductor.
    [0056] The first panel can be curved after the process step (a), typically at a temperature of 500 ° C to 700 ° C. Since it is technically simpler to coat a flat panel, this approach is advantageous when the first panel it's curved. Alternatively, the first panel can, however, also be curved before the process step (a), for example, if the electrically conductive transparent coating is not suitable to withstand an undamaged curvature process.
    [0057] The coating of the coated structures in the electrically conductive transparent coating is preferably done by a laser beam. Methods for standardizing thin metal films are known, for example, from EP 2 200 097 A1 or EP 2 139 049 A1. The width of the coating is preferably from 10 μm to 1000 μm, particularly preferably from 25 μm to 300 μm, and in particular from 70 μm to 140 μm. In this range, in particular, a particularly clean and residue-free coating takes place using the laser beam. De-coating by means of a laser beam is particularly advantageous, since the uncoated lines are optically very discreet and the appearance and the view through the panel are only slightly impaired. The coating of a line of width d, which is wider than a laser cut, is done by multiple passes of the line with the laser beam. Consequently, the duration of the process and its costs increase with increasing line width. Alternatively, the coating can be done through mechanical removal, as well as through chemical or physical engraving.
    [0058] An advantageous improvement of the method according to the invention includes at least the following additional steps: (c) arranging a thermoplastic intermediate layer in the first panel and arranging a second panel in the thermoplastic intermediate layer, and (d) connecting the first panel and the second panel via the thermoplastic intermediate layer.
    [0059] In the process step (c), the first panel is advantageously arranged so that one of its surfaces, which is provided with the electrically conductive coating, faces the intermediate layer. This has the particular advantage that the electrically conductive transparent coating is protected against environmental influences and against user contact through lamination.
    [0060] The intermediate thermoplastic layer can be implemented by a single thermoplastic film or even by two or more thermoplastic films that are arranged congruently on top of each other.
    [0061] The connection of the first panel with the second panel in the process step (d) is preferably done under the action of heat, vacuum and / or pressure. Known methods for producing a panel can be used.
    [0062] For example, so-called autoclave methods can be carried out at an elevated pressure of approximately 10 bar to 15 bar and temperatures from 130 ° C to 145 ° C for approximately 2 hours. Known vacuum ring and vacuum bag methods operate, for example, at approximately 200 mbar and from 80 ° C to 110 ° C. The first panel, the thermoplastic intermediate layer, and the second panel can also be pressed in a calender between at least one pair of rollers to form a composite panel. Such facilities for producing composite panels are known and usually have at least one heating tunnel upstream from a pressing system. During the pressing process, the temperature is, for example, from 40 ° C to 150 ° C. Combinations of calender and autoclave methods have proven to be particularly effective in practice. Alternatively, vacuum laminators can be used. These consist of one or a plurality of chambers that can be heated and evacuated, in which the first panel and the second panel can be laminated within, for example, approximately 60 minutes at reduced pressures from 0.01 mbar to 800 mbar and temperatures from 80 ° C to 170 ° C.
    [0063] To produce a curved composite panel, the first panel and the second panel can be curved, prior to the process step (c), in a known hot bending process. The first and second panels can be advantageously curved together in such a way that the same curvature of the panels is guaranteed.
    [0064] The invention also extends to the use of a panel as described above on a vehicle body or on a vehicle door of a land, water, or air transport device, in buildings as part of an external facade or windows and / or as a part embedded in furniture and appliances.
    [0065] The use of a panel according to the invention, such as a windshield, is particularly advantageous. Mobile phone base stations are, for example, installed along highways or expressways. The high frequency electromagnetic radiation can then arrive in the driving direction from the front through the windshield, according to the invention, into the interior of the motor vehicle. In cities, mobile phone base stations are usually installed on roofs or elevated positions and radiate from top to bottom. Satellite navigation signals using the same mode, that is, they radiate from above to a vehicle. Since, to improve aerodynamics, windshields have a sharply inclined installed position, mobile phone signals or satellite navigation signals can also enter the vehicle from above through the dashboard. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
    [0066] The Invention is explained in detail below with respect to the drawings and an example. The drawings are not completely scaled. The invention is not restricted by the drawings. They describe: Figure 1 is a schematic representation of a panel according to the invention in a plan view. Figure 2 is a schematic representation of a panel according to the prior art in plan view. Figure 3A is a schematic representation of a panel according to the invention in a plan view. Figure 3B is a cross-sectional representation along the cut line A-A 'of Figure 3A. Figure 3C is an enlarged representation of the Y detail of the panel according to the invention of Figure 3A. Figure 3D is an enlarged representation of the Z detail of the panel according to the invention of Figure 3C. Figure 4 is a cross-sectional representation along the cut line A-A 'of Figure 3A of an exemplary alternative embodiment of a panel according to the invention. Figure 5 is a cross-sectional representation along the cut line A-A 'of Figure 3A of an exemplary alternative embodiment of the panel according to the invention. Figure 6 is a schematic representation of an exemplary alternative embodiment of a panel according to the invention in a plan view. Figure 7 is an enlarged representation of detail Z of an exemplary alternative embodiment of a panel according to the invention of Figure 3C. Figure 8 is an enlarged representation of detail Z of an exemplary alternative embodiment of a panel according to the invention of Figure 3C. Figure 9 is an enlarged representation of detail Z of an exemplary alternative embodiment of a panel according to the invention of Figure 3C. Figure 10 is an enlarged representation of detail Z of an exemplary alternative embodiment of a panel according to the invention of Figure 3C. Figure 11 is an enlarged representation of detail Z of an exemplary alternative embodiment of a panel according to the invention of Figure 3C. Figure 12A is an enlarged representation of detail Y of an exemplary alternative embodiment of a panel according to the invention of Figure 3A. Figure 12B is an enlarged representation of the detail Z of the panel according to the invention of Figure 11. Figure 13 is an enlarged representation of detail Y of an exemplary alternative embodiment of a panel according to the invention of Figure 3A. Figure 14 is an enlarged representation of detail Z of an exemplary alternative embodiment of a panel according to the invention of Figure 3A. Figure 15 is an enlarged representation of detail Y of an exemplary alternative embodiment of a panel according to the invention of Figure 3A. Figure 16A is a flow chart of an exemplified embodiment of the method according to the invention. Figure 16B is a flow chart of an exemplified embodiment of the method according to the invention. Figure 17 is a transmission attenuation diagram as a function of the distance h between regions. Figure 18 is a transmission attenuation diagram as a function of the distance b between the inner and outer uncoated structure. Figure 19 is a transmission attenuation diagram for several exemplified modalities. Figure 20 is a diagram of the transmission attenuation for an exemplary alternative embodiment of a panel according to the invention. Figure 21 is a schematic representation of a detail of an alternative panel according to the invention in a plan view. Figure 22 is a transmission attenuation diagram for the exemplified embodiment of a panel according to the invention according to Figure 21. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
    [0067] Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of a panel 10 according to the invention. Panel 10 comprises a first panel 1.1 on whose outer face III an electrically conductive transparent coating 3 is arranged. The electrically conductive transparent coating 3 has a rectangular region 9. Region 9 is defined by the external shape of an external uncoated structure 4.1. Along the outer coated structure 4.1, there is no electrically conductive transparent coating 3, or the electrically conductive transparent coating 3 has been removed, for example, by laser standardization. An internal rectangular undressed structure 4.2 is arranged within the external undressed structure 4.1. Along the internal undressed structure 4.2, there is no electrically conductive transparent coating 3 or the electrically conductive transparent coating 3 has been removed, for example, by laser standardization. The outer uncoated structure 4.1 is completely surrounded by the electrically conductive transparent coating 3. Furthermore, a part of the electrically conductive transparent coating 3 is disposed between the outer uncoated structure 4.1 and the inner uncoated structure 4.2, as well as within the inner uncoated structure 4.2. In the present example, the intermediate region between the outer uncoated structure 4.1 and the inner uncoated structure 4.2, as well as the inner region of the inner uncoated structure 4.2 are completely filled with the electrically conductive transparent coating 3. By means of the outer uncoated structure 4.1 and the internal uncoated structure 4.2, the electrically conductive transparent coating 3, otherwise impermeable to high frequency electromagnetic radiation becomes permeable. The uncoated structures 4.1, 4.2 are, for example, uncoated by laser standardization and have only a very small line width, for example, 0.1 mm. The view through the panel 10 according to the invention is not significantly impaired and the uncoated structures 4.1, 4.2 are difficult to discern.
    [0068] Figure 2 describes a schematic representation of a panel 12 according to the prior art. The panel 12 comprises, like the panel 10 of Figure 1, a first panel 1.1 on whose outer face III a transparent electromagnetic coating 3 is arranged. In order to make the panel 12 permeable to high frequency electromagnetic radiation, the transparent electromagnetic coating 3 has a rectangular uncoated region 4. In contrast to panel 10 according to the invention in Figure 1, the area of the uncoated region 4 is very large and the coating is clearly visible on panel 12. Vision through such panel 12 is impaired and the panel, for example, is not suitable as a panel on a vehicle.
    [0069] Figure 3A describes a schematic representation of a panel 10 according to the invention, using the example of a vehicle windshield in plan view. Figure 3B is a cross-sectional representation along the cut line A-A 'of Figure 3A using the example of a composite panel. Figure 3C shows an enlarged detail Y of Figure 3A; and Figure 3D, an enlarged detail Z of Figure 3C. Panel 10 is, without restricting the invention, optimized for transmitting mobile phone radiation in the GSM 900 band. Panel 10 comprises a composite panel 1 made up of two individual panels, that is, a first rigid panel 1.1 and a second panel rigid 1.2, which are fixedly connected to each other via a thermoplastic intermediate layer 2. The individual panels 1.1, 1.2 are approximately the same size and are made, for example, of glass, in particular float glass, molten glass, and ceramic glass, possibly also being produced from a non-vitreous material, for example plastic, in particular polystyrene (PS), polyamide (PA), polyester (PE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polycarbonate (PC), polymethyl methacrylate ( PMA), or polyethylene terephthalate (PET). In general, any material with the necessary transparency, sufficient chemical resistance, as well as stability of adequate shape and size can be used. For another type of use, for example, as a decorative part, it would also be possible to produce the first panel 1.1 and the second panel 1.2 from a flexible and / or non-flexible material. The respective thicknesses of the first panel 1.1 and the second panel 1.2 can vary a lot depending on the use and can be, in the case of glass, for example, in the range of 1 to 24 mm. In the present example, the first panel 1.1 has a thickness of 2.1 mm; and the second panel 1,2 has a thickness of 1.8 mm.
    [0070] The faces of the panel are identified with the Roman numerals I-IV, where face I corresponds to the outer surface of the second panel 1.2, face II corresponds to the inner face of the second panel 1.1, face III corresponds to the outer surface of the first panel 1.1, and face IV corresponds to the internal face of the first panel 1.1 of the composite panel 1. In the context of the present invention, the "outer surface" is the face of a panel that faces the outside of the vehicle. The “inner face” is the face of a panel that faces the interior of the vehicle. When used as a windshield, face I is facing the external environment and face IV is facing the passenger compartment of the motor vehicle. Needless to say, face IV may also face outwards and face I may face the passenger compartment of the motor vehicle.
    [0071] The intermediate layer 2 for the connection of the first panel 1.1 and the second panel 1.2 preferably contains an adhesive plastic preferably based on polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), or polyurethane (PU).
    [0072] The composite panel 1 is transparent to visible light, for example, in the wavelength range from 350 nm to 800 nm, with the term "transparency" understood as the average light permeability greater than 50%, preferably greater than 70%, and in particular, preferably greater than 75%.
    [0073] The relative permissiveness of panels 1.1, 1.2 of composite panel 1 is, for panels made of float glass, from 6 to 8 and, for example, 7.
    [0074] In the example shown, the electrically conductive transparent coating 3 is applied to face III of the first inner panel 1.1 facing the intermediate layer 2. The electrically conductive transparent coating 3 serves, for example, as an infrared reflective layer of the composite panel 1. This means that the fraction of thermal radiation from incident sunlight is largely reflected. With the use of composite panel 1 in a vehicle, this provides reduced heating of sunlight in the interior. The electrically conductive transparent coating 3 is known, for example, from EP 0 847 965 B1 and includes two layers of silver which are embedded in each case between a plurality of layers of metal and metal oxide. The electrically conductive transparent coating 3 has a sheet resistance of approximately 4 ohm / square. The electrically conductive transparent coating 3 can also serve as an electrically heated coating and can be contacted by means of known bus bars that can be connected to a voltage source.
    [0075] The electrically conductive transparent coating 3 can, however, be arranged on face II of the second external panel 1.2 facing the thermoplastic intermediate layer 2, or on the two internal panel faces II and III. The electrically conductive transparent coating 3 can be arranged additionally or exclusively on one of the external faces I and IV of the composite panel 1.
    [0076] The electrically conductive transparent coating 3 is applied to the first entire panel 1.1, minus a region of uncoated edge 5. The uncoated edge in region 5 prevents contact of the electrically conductive transparent coating 3, which is advantageous with corrosion-sensitive coatings . In addition, the second panel 1.2 is provided, for example, with a layer of opaque paint which is applied to face II and forms a peripheral masking strip like a frame, which is not shown in detail in the figures. The paint layer preferably consists of an electrically non-conducting black colored material, which can be fired at the first panel 1.1 or the second panel 1.2. The masking strip prevents, on the one hand, the sight of an adhesive strip with which the composite panel 1 is glued to the body of the vehicle; on the other hand, it serves as UV protection for the adhesive material used.
    [0077] In addition, the electrically conductive transparent coating 3 is partially coated in a plurality of regions 9. In the example shown in Figure 3A, in each case, two rows of 12 regions 9 each are arranged almost vertically on top of each other. The 24 regions 9 are arranged horizontally close to each other in a section 11 at the top edge of panel 1. The terms “vertical” and “horizontal” indicate the position in the installed position of the motor vehicle window panel. The 24 regions 9 are arranged at the top edge of the panel on the longest side of panel 1 and outside the driver's field of view A 7 according to Annex 18 of ECE R43.
    [0078] Two lines of 12 regions 9 arranged vertically above each other with undressed structures 4.1 and 4.2 are arranged at the top edge of panel 10. The area of the 24 regions 9 covers approximately 7% of the entire area of the composite panel 1. This fraction of area produces a particularly favorable relationship between the costs of process, visual aspect and transmission. The horizontal and vertical distance h between the two regions 9 is, for example, 2 mm.
    [0079] Figure 3C illustrates an enlarged detail Y of Figure 3A with eight regions 9, and Figure 3D illustrates an enlarged detail Z of Figure 3C. Each region 9 includes an external uncoated structure 4.1 and an internal uncoated structure 4.2 with a square shape. The upper and lower sides of the quadratic shape are arranged horizontally in the direction of installation. This horizontal orientation is particularly advantageous for receiving vertically transmitted mobile telephony. The invention also includes undressed structures 4.1 and 4.2 arranged at different angles, if appropriate.
    [0080] The line width d of the overcoating of the undressed structures 4.1 and 4.2 is constant and is, for example, 100 μm. Such small line widths are hardly noticeable to the naked eye and do not impair vision through panel 10, such that panel 10 is suitable for use as a vehicle windshield.
    [0081] The distance b from the external uncoated structure 4.1 to the internal uncoated structure 4.2 is, for example, 1 mm, both in the vertical direction (bv) and in the horizontal direction (bh). Needless to say, the distances bv and bh do not have to be the same. The outer uncoated structure 4.1 determines the dimensions of the region 9 and in particular the length 1 of the region. In the example shown, the outer coated structure 4.1 has a length 1, for example, of 42 mm. The distance b affects, in particular, the bandwidth and the level of transmission permeability for high frequency electromagnetic radiation.
    [0082] Length l is tuned to high frequency electromagnetic radiation with frequency f, for which panel 10 is intended to be maximally permeable. The length l depends, for undressed structures with a square shape, in a first approximation using the equation l = c / (4 * f * (εeff) 0.5), on the relatively effective permittivity εeff of panel 1.1 and 1.2, and of the intermediate layer 2, where c is the speed of light. Due to the regions 9 arranged adjacent to the undressed structures 4.1 and 4.2, regions 9 can influence each other and thus the formation of resonances and frequency shifts that need adaptation and optimization of length l, width b, vertical distance d, and the horizontal distance h. These can be calculated using simulations familiar to the person skilled in the art.
    [0083] Panel 10 in Figure 3A has been optimized for the operation of the GSM 900 mobile phone band. By varying the parameters, such as the length l of the uncoated regions, panel 10 can, in a simple way, be optimized for transmitting other frequency bands to a plurality of frequency bands.
    [0084] Figure 4 depicts a cross-sectional representation along the cut line A-A 'of Figure 3A of an exemplified embodiment of a panel according to invention 10, with a composite panel 1. In this exemplified embodiment, the first panel 1.1 and the second panel 1.2 are connected to an intermediate layer with three layers. The intermediate layer with three layers includes a film 6, which contains, for example, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and which is disposed between two layers 2 of an adhesive plastic, for example, polyvinyl butyral (PVB). The PET film is implemented here, for example, as a carrier of the electrically conductive transparent coating 3.
    [0085] Figure 5 shows a cross-sectional representation along the cutting line A-A 'of Figure 3A of an exemplary embodiment of a panel according to invention 10 with a single panel 1'. The electrically conductive transparent coating 3 with regions 9 with uncoated structures 4.1 and 4.2 is arranged on the inner face IV of the single panel 1 facing the interior of the vehicle. The shape and material of the single panel 1 'corresponds to the first panel 1.1 of Figure 3A. The electrically conductive transparent coating 3 and the regions 9 also correspond to the exemplified embodiment of Figure 3A. The electrically conductive transparent coating 3 is here, for example, called the low E 8 layer and has low emissivity for infrared radiation. The electrically conductive transparent coating 3 contains or is made, for example, of a layer of tin doped indium oxide (ITO) with a sheet resistance of 20 ohm / square. The tin doped indium oxide layer is implemented inert in relation to environmental influences and resistant to scratch, in such a way that the said tin doped indium oxide layer can be arranged on the surface of a side window of a motor vehicle facing into the vehicle.
    [0086] Alternatively, a scratch and corrosion sensitive coating or an electrically heated electrically conductive transparent coating 3 can be protected by an insulating layer containing, for example, a polymer film, such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or fluoride of polyvinyl (PVF). Alternatively, the electrically conductive transparent coating 3 may have an insulating and scratch resistant coating made of inorganic oxides, such as silicon oxide, titanium oxide, tantalum pentoxide, or combinations thereof.
    [0087] Figure 6 depicts a schematic representation of an exemplary alternative embodiment of a panel according to the invention 10 in plan view. In contrast to Figure 3A, additional regions 9 are arranged on the side edges and the lower edge of the panel 10. By means of the additional regions 9, the permeability for electromagnetic radiation, according to the Invention, within the interior of the motor vehicle can be increased. An improvement in permeability can be obtained in particular at the bottom edge of panel 10 and thus, the power of transmitting and receiving sensors, for example, GPS sensors that are installed in the instrument panel, can be improved. An arrangement 13, for example, of nine regions 9 arranged horizontally and vertically with each other is arranged at the bottom edge of the panel. Arrangement 13 has an angle α, for example, of 45o in relation to the bottom edge of panel 10 and thus horizontal in the installed position of panel 10. Arrangement 13 of regions 9 in a horizontal and vertical position with each other results in particularly transmission high through that region of panel 10.
    [0088] Figure 7 describes an enlarged representation of detail Z of an exemplary alternative embodiment of a panel according to the invention of Figure 3D. In contrast to Figure 3D, the outer structure 4.1 and the inner structure 4.2 are connected by four uncoated lines 8 per side. The uncoated lines 8 are arranged orthogonal to the lateral lines of the external structure 4.1 and the internal structure 4.2. The uncoated lines 8 have, for example, a line width d of 0.1 mm, which corresponds to the line width d of the uncoated structures 4.1 and 4.2. The distance between lines 8 should be less than a quarter of the wavelength X of high frequency electromagnetic radiation and preferably from À / 20 to À / 500, in such a way that few field-induced currents can be formed between the structure external uncoated 4.1 and the internal uncoated structure 4.2. By means of the coated lines 8, the transmission attenuation of high frequency electromagnetic radiation is clearly reduced and, at the same time, the expense for laser processing of the electrically conductive transparent coating 3 is only slightly increased.
    [0089] Figure 8 describes an enlarged representation of detail Z of an exemplary alternative embodiment of a panel 10 according to the invention of Figure 3D. In contrast to Figure 5, the outer structure 4.1 and the inner structure 4.2 are connected via nine uncoated lines 8 per side. Thus, the transmission properties are improved more compared to a panel 10, according to Figure 7, in other words, in particular, the transmission attenuation decreases.
    [0090] Figure 9 describes an enlarged representation of detail Z of an exemplary alternative embodiment of a panel 10 according to the invention of Figure 3D. In contrast to Figure 8, the complete region 4 between the outer structure 4.1 and the inner structure 4.2 is uncoated over a width b of 1 mm. This exemplified modality has low transmission attenuation. However, since the uncoated region 4 with a width b of 1 mm is very wide, the uncoated area is visually very apparent and degrades the view through panel 10. At the same time, the infrared reflection action is reduced and the cost processing of laser standardization is significantly increased.
    [0091] Figure 10 describes an enlarged representation of detail Z of an exemplary alternative embodiment of a panel 10 according to the invention of Figure 3D. In contrast to Figure 3D, another undressed structure 4.3 is arranged within the internal undressed structure 4.2. For example and without limiting the invention to this, the distance b between the internal uncoated structure and the other uncoated structure 4.3 is equal to the distance b between the external uncoated structure 4.1 and the internal uncoated structure 4.2.
    [0092] Figure 11 describes an enlarged representation of detail Z of an exemplary alternative embodiment of a panel 10 according to the invention of Figure 3D. In contrast to Figure 3D, outer structure 4.1 and inner structure 4.2 are connected by a curve and, for example, in particular, a sinusoidal uncoated line. Such a panel 10 has good transmission properties similar to those of panel 10 of Figure 8. In addition, it has advantages in coating with laser processing. Because of the curved course of the lines, the mirror mechanics have to perform less large changes over time than with the standardization of the uncoated structures 8 running orthogonally from Figure 8. The forces acting on the mirror mechanics are less and the positioning of the laser can run faster. The standardization time is thus significantly reduced.
    [0093] Figure 12A shows an enlarged representation of detail Y of an exemplary alternative embodiment of a panel according to invention 10 of Figure 3A, and Figure 12B shows an enlarged representation of detail Z of panel 10 according to the invention. of Figure 12A. In this exemplified embodiment, regions 9 have different shapes and, for example, the shape of a circle, a square, and a cross. This has the particular advantage that the permeability for different frequencies and the polarization for high frequency electromagnetic radiation can be optimized and increased. For this purpose, a panel 10 according to the invention can, for example, have a large number of regions 9 with uncoated structures of various shapes and dimensions.
    [0094] Figure 13 describes an enlarged representation of detail Y of an exemplary alternative embodiment of a panel 10 according to the invention of Figure 3A. The electrically conductive transparent coating has several regions 9 with cross-linked structures 4.1 and 4.2.
    [0095] Figure 14 illustrates an enlarged representation of detail Z of an exemplary alternative embodiment of a panel 10 according to the invention of Figure 3A. Another external uncoated structure 4.3 is disposed within the internal uncoated structure 4.2 and another internal uncoated structure 4.4 is disposed within the other external uncoated structure 4.3. The other undressed structures 4.3 and 4.4 also have, for example, a square shape and are arranged on top of each other and concentrically in relation to the undressed structures 4.1 and 4.2. Needless to say, the other undressed structures 4.3 and 4.4 may also have other shapes or their centers may be displaced. The distance b1 between the outer uncoated structure 4.1 and the internal uncoated structure 4.2 is, for example, 1 mm. The distance b2 between the outer uncoated structure 4.3 and the internal uncoated structure 4.4 is also, for example, 1 mm. Needless to say, the distances b1 and b2 do not have to be the same. The length l1 of the internal uncoated structure 4.1 is, for example, 36 mm and the length l2 of the other uncoated structure 4.3 is, for example, 24 mm. Such a panel 10, according to the invention, can have improved transmission for multiple frequency bands, and in this case, for two frequency bands.
    [0096] Figure 15 illustrates an enlarged representation of detail Y of an exemplary alternative embodiment of a panel 10 according to the invention of Figure 3A. The electrically conductive transparent coating 3 has multiple regions 9 with rectangular coated structures 4.1 and 4.2. The rectangular outer uncoated structure 4.1 has a longer side length l1 of 36 mm and a shorter side length l2 of 24 mm. This is particularly advantageous in order to avoid possible interference from different regions 9 in nested modes, as described in Figure 15, and to obtain an improved multiband transmission.
    [0097] Figure 16A illustrates a flow chart of an exemplified embodiment of the method according to the invention for producing a panel 10 according to the invention. Figure 16B illustrates a flow chart of another variant of an exemplified embodiment of the method according to the invention for producing a panel 10 according to the invention. In contrast to Figure 16A, in Figure 16B, the first panel 1.1 and the second panel 1.2 are curved first and subsequently, the outer uncoated structures 4.1 and the internal uncoated structures 4.2 are introduced.
    [0098] Figures 17 to 20 illustrate simulations of transmission attenuation for different embodiments of panels 10, according to the invention. In the simulations, analogously to the modality exemplified in Figure 5, a single glass panel 1 'is assumed with an electrically conductive transparent coating 3 on the inner face IV of the single glass panel 1'. The electrically conductive transparent coating 3 has a sheet resistance of 4 ohms / square. The regions 9 with undressed structures 4.1 and 4.2 are arranged within the electrically conductive transparent coating 3. To simplify the simulation, a single glass panel 1 'is infinitely extended with infinitely many regions 9.
    [0099] Figure 17 describes a transmission attenuation diagram as a function of the distance h between two adjacent regions 9. The regions 9 contain in each case an external uncoated structure 4.1 and an internal uncoated structure 4.2 with a square shape, as described in Figure 3D. The distance b of the external uncoated structure 4.1 from the internal uncoated structure 4.2 was 1.5 mm. The length 1 of the outer coated structure 4.1 was adapted for high frequency electromagnetic radiation with a frequency of 1.5 GHz (GPS) and was 24 mm. The line width d of the uncoated structures was 0.1 mm. The diagram in Figure 17 represents the transmission attenuation in dB as a function of the distances h between two adjacent regions 9. The signal curve shows a minimum transmission attenuation over a distance h of 4 mm. Here, the transmission attenuation is only approximately 6.3 dB compared to a single glass panel 1 'without electrically conductive transparent coating 3. For distances h less than 2 mm and greater than 6 mm, the transmission attenuation increases markedly . For the 1.5 GHz frequency used here, a distance b of 1.5 mm and a line width d of 0.1 mm produces a preferred region with high transmission for distances h from 2 mm to 6 mm.
    [0100] Figure 18 represents a transmission attenuation diagram as a function of the distance b between the external uncoated structure 4.1 and the internal uncoated structure 4.2. The other parameters correspond to those of Figure 17. The distance h between adjacent regions 9 was 4 mm. The length 1 of the outer coated structure 4.1 is 24 mm. The line width d of the uncoated structures is 0.1 mm. The diagram in Figure 18 describes the transmission attenuation in dB as a function of distance b. The signal curve describes a minimum transmission attenuation at a distance b of 1.5 mm. Here, the transmission attenuation is only approximately 6.3 dB compared to a single glass panel 1 'without electrically conductive transparent coating 3. For distances b less than 1 mm and greater than 2 mm, the transmission attenuation increases sharply. For the 1.5 GHz frequency used here, a distance h of 4 mm and a line width d of 0.1 mm produced a preferred region with high transmission for distances b from 1 mm to 2.25 mm.
    [0101] Figure 19 represents a diagram of the transmission attenuation for various modalities exemplified by regions 9, according to the invention, with the undressed structures 4.1 and 4.2 as a function of frequency. The distance h between the adjacent regions 9 was 2 mm, the distance b from the outer uncoated structure 4.1 to the internal uncoated structure 4.2 was 1 mm, and the line width d of the uncoated structures 4.1 and 4.2 was 0.1 mm. The other parameters of the single glass panel 1 'and the sheet resistance of the electrically conductive transparent coating 3 correspond to those of Figure 17.
    [0102] Similar to Example 1, the transmission attenuation is plotted for a region 9 according to the exemplified modality of Figure 3D. The length 1 of the outer coated structure 4.1 is adapted to the GSM 900 mobile phone band and is 42 mm. The high frequency transmission attenuation, 900 MHz electromagnetic radiation, is approximately 7.8 dB. It is possible to have mobile phone reception behind the panel. Due to the small width of line d of 0.1 mm, the regions 9 with the uncoated structures 4.1 and 4.2 are hardly visible and do not interfere with the view through the panel.
    [0103] As in Example 2, the transmission attenuation is plotted for a region 9 according to the example modality of Figure 8. The outer uncoated structure 4.1 and the internal uncoated structure 4.2 are connected on each side of the square shape by 41 uncoated lines 8. The distance between two uncoated lines 8 along one side of the uncoated structures 4.1 and 4.2 is approximately 1 mm and thus approximately 1/333 ° of the wavelength X of high frequency electromagnetic radiation with a frequency of 900 MHz. The uncoated lines 8 run orthogonal to the uncoated structures 4.1 and 4.2. Each stripped line 8 has, in the reported simulation, a line width of 0.1 mm. The transmission attenuation for 900 MHz high frequency electromagnetic radiation is approximately 7.3 dB. In other words, transmission to high frequency electromagnetic radiation is improved compared to panel 10 of Example 1. Mobile phone reception behind the panel is possible and is improved compared to Example 1. Due to the small line width of the Uncoated lines 8 of 0.1 mm, regions 9 are hardly visible and do not interfere with the view through the panel.
    [0104] Figure 19 shows, as Comparative Example 1, the transmission attenuation for a single glass panel 1 'with an electrically conductive transparent coating 3 without regions 9 with undressed structures 4.1 and 4.2. The transmission attenuation is approximately 34 dB, very high such that, for example, no mobile phone reception is possible behind this panel.
    [0105] Like Comparative Example 2 according to the prior art, the transmission attenuation is represented by a single glass panel 1 'with an electrically conductive transparent coating 3 that has only a square uncoated structure 4 with a line width d 0.1 mm. In other words, panel 10 according to Comparative Example 2 does not have an internal uncoated structure 4.2 or other external uncoated or within the uncoated structure 4. The transmission attenuation is approximately 12 dB at a frequency of 900 MHz. Reception of mobile telephony is impossible or possible only for a very limited extent behind the single glass panel 1 'of Comparative Example 2.
    [0106] The transmission attenuation of Example 2 of Figure 8 is, at a frequency of 900 MHz, less than 4.7 dB than with Comparative Example 2, according to the prior art. This means that it is possible to reduce the transmission attenuation by a factor of 3, without viewing through panel 10 and its degraded optical properties appreciably.
    [0107] Figure 20 depicts a diagram of the transmission attenuation of a panel 10, according to the invention and according to Figure 5, with regions 9 according to Figure 14 with the transmission in multiple bands. Panel 10 has an external uncoated structure 4.1 with an internal uncoated structure 4.2. Another external uncoated structure 4.3 is disposed within the internal uncoated structure 4.2 and another internal uncoated structure 4.4 is disposed within the other external uncoated structure 4.3. The undressed structures 4.1 - 4.4 have a square shape and are arranged concentric to each other. The distance b1 between the external uncoated structure 4.1 and the internal uncoated structure 4.2 is 1 mm, and the distance b2 between the external uncoated structure 4.3 and the internal uncoated structure 4.4 is 1 mm. The length l1 of the outer uncoated structure 4.1 is 42 mm and the length l2 of the other uncoated structure 4.3 was 22 mm. The quotient of b1 / l1 is here, for example, equal to 1mm / 42mm and is therefore less than 1/5. The distance h between adjacent regions 9 is 2 mm. The signal curve shows two minimums in the transmission attenuation. The first minimum has a transmission attenuation from 6.7 dB to 0.76 GHz. The second minimum has a transmission attenuation from 6.7 dB to 2.3 GHz. transmission for multiple frequency bands and, in this example, for two frequency bands.
    [0108] Figure 21 describes a schematic representation of a detail of a panel 10 according to the invention in a plan view. An external hexagonal uncoated structure 4.1 and an internal hexagonal uncoated structure 4.1, as well as another external hexagonal uncoated structure 4.3 and another internal hexagonal uncoated structure 4.4 are represented. The hexagonal structures 4.1 - 4.4 are, in each case, regular hexagons with equally long sides and are arranged concentric to each other. Needless to say, its center can also be moved. The distance b1 between the outer uncoated structure 4.1 and the internal uncoated structure 4.2 is, for example, 1.5 mm. The distance b2 between the other external uncoated structure 4.3 and the other internal uncoated structure 4.4 is also, for example, 1.5 mm. Needless to say, the distances b1 and b2 do not have to be the same. The length l1 of the outer uncoated structure 4.1 is, for example, 39 mm, and the length l2 of the other external uncoated structure 4.3 is, for example, 28 mm. The width d of the uncoated structures 4.1 - 4.4 is also, for example, constant and equal to 100 μm.
    [0109] The outer uncoated structure 4.1 is completely encircled in the region of its outer edge 14.1 and its inner edge 15.1 by the electrically conductive transparent coating 3. Here, the "outer edge" 14.1 means the region that is located outside the outer uncoated structure 4.1 and borders the external uncoated structure 4.1. Consequently, the “inner edge” 15.1 means the region that is located within the outer uncoated structure 4.1 and borders the outer uncoated structure 4.1 Here, the inner uncoated structure 4.2 is, for example, completely encircled in the region of its outer edge 14.2 and its inner edge 15.2 by the electrically conductive transparent coating 3. The other outer uncoated structure 4.3 and the other internal uncoated structure 4.4 are also, in each case, completely encircled in the region of its outer edge 14.3, 14.4 and its inner edge 15.3, 15.4 by electrically conductive transparent coating 3. This indicates that the intermediate spaces between the outer uncoated structure 4.1 and the internal uncoated structure 4.2, as well as the other external uncoated structure 4.3 and the other internal uncoated structure 4.4, are completely filled with the electrically conductive transparent coating. 3. Panel 10 according to the invention has a section 11 with a plurality of structures 4.1 - 4.4 described here, see, for example, Figure 2.
    [0110] Figure 22 describes a transmission attenuation diagram for a panel 10 according to the invention and according to Figure 21, which has been optimized for the GSM band from 820 MHz to 960 MHz, as well as for the UMTS band from 1700 MHz to 2200 MHz. Figure 22 shows, as Comparative Example 1, the transmission attenuation for a single glass panel 1 'with an electrically conductive transparent coating without regions 9 with uncoated structures 4.1 - 4.4. The transmission attenuation is approximately 34 dB, very high in such a way that, for example, no mobile phone reception is possible behind this panel.
    [0111] The transmission attenuation of Example 3 of Figure 21 is, at a frequency of 900 MHz, 25 dB lower than in Comparative Example 1, according to the prior art. In addition, the transmission attenuation of Example 3 of Figure 21 is, at a frequency of 1.9 GHz, 28 dB lower than in Comparative Example 1, according to the prior art. This means that the transmission attenuation has been reduced by a factor of 19 or a factor of 27, respectively, without the view through panel 10 and its optical properties being appreciably degraded.
    [0112] This result was unexpected and surprising for those skilled in the art. List of reference characters 1 - Composite panel 1 '- Single panel 1.1 - First panel 1.2 - Second panel 2 - Intermediate layer 3 - Electrically conductive transparent coating 4 - Uncoated region 4.1 - External uncoated structure 4.2 - Internal uncoated structure 4.3 - Other structure external uncoated 4.4 - Another internal uncoated structure 5 - Edge uncoated 6 - Carrier film 7 - Field of vision A 8 - Uncoated line 9 - Region 10 - Panel 11 - Section 12 - Panel according to prior art 13 - Arrangement 14.1, 14.2, 14.3, 14.4 - Outer edge 15.1, 15.2, 15.3, 15.4 - Inner edge α - Angle A-A '- Cut line b, bh, bv, b1 - Distance between the outer uncoated structure 4.1 and the internal uncoated structure 4.2 b2 - Distance between another external uncoated structure 4.3 and another internal uncoated structure 4.4 d - Line width of an uncoated structure 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4 εeff - Relative relative permissiveness h - Distance between adjacent regions 9 1, l1, l2 - Length or width of an uncoated structure 4.1, 4.2, 4.3 À - Wavelength Y - Detail Z - Detail I - External face of the second panel 1.2 II - Internal face of the second panel 1.2 III - External face of the first panel 1.1 IV - Internal face of the first panel 1.1 V - Face of the intermediate layer 2 VI - Face of the intermediate layer 2
    权利要求:
    Claims (14)
    [0001]
    1. Panel (10), characterized by the fact that it comprises: - at least one first panel (1.1) with an outer face (III) and an inner face (IV), - at least one electrically conductive transparent coating (3), which is arranged on the outer face (III) and / or the inner face (IV) of the first panel (1.1), and - at least one region (9) with at least one outer uncoated structure (4.1) and one inner uncoated structure ( 4.2), in which the external uncoated structure (4.1) and the internal uncoated structure (4.2) have the same shape, in which the electrically conductive transparent coating (3) is located between the external uncoated structure (4.1) and the internal uncoated structure (4.2) and within the internal uncoated structure (4.2), where the region (9) between the external uncoated structure (4.1) and the internal uncoated structure (4.2) is completely filled with the electrically conductive transparent coating (3), and where the internal uncoated structure (4.2) is c completely surrounded on its inner edge (15.2) by the electrically conductive transparent coating (3).
    [0002]
    2. Panel (10), according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the external uncoated structure (4.1) and the internal uncoated structure (4.2) have the shape of a square, a rectangle, a rhombus, a trapezoid, a hexagon, an octagon, a cross, an oval shape, or a circle and / or are arranged concentric to each other.
    [0003]
    3. Panel (10), according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by the fact that a distance b of the external uncoated structure (4.1) from the internal uncoated structure (4.2) is from 0.5 mm to 30 mm and preferably from 1 mm to 5 mm and is particularly preferably constant.
    [0004]
    4. Panel (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized by the fact that a line width d of the uncoated structure (4.1, 4.2) and / or the uncoated line (8) is 25 μ ma 300 μm and preferably from 30 μm to 140 μm.
    [0005]
    Panel (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized by the fact that a minimum distance h between adjacent regions (9) is from 1 mm to 100 mm and preferably from 1 mm to 20 mm.
    [0006]
    6. Panel (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized by the fact that the electrically conductive transparent coating (3) has at least four regions (9), preferably 10 to 50 regions (9), and the regions (9) are preferably horizontally and / or vertically arranged and / or the area of the regions (9) has an area fraction of 7% to 25% of the panel (10).
    [0007]
    7. Panel (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by the fact that the first panel (1.1) and / or the second panel (1.2) contains glass, preferably flat glass, float glass, glass quartz, borosilicate glass, sodium-calcium glass, or polymers, preferably polyethylene, polypropylene, polycarbonate, polymethyl methacrylate, and / or mixtures thereof and / or have an effective relative permittivity εeff from 2 to 8 and preferably from 6 to 8.
    [0008]
    8. Panel (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized by the fact that the length 1 of the uncoated structure (4.1, 4.2) is 10 mm to 150 mm, and / or
    [0009]
    9. Panel (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the electrically conductive transparent coating (3) contains at least one metal, preferably silver, nickel, chromium, niobium, tin, titanium, copper, palladium, zinc, gold, cadmium, aluminum, silicon, tungsten, or alloys thereof, and / or at least one layer of metal oxide, preferably tin doped indium oxide (ITO), aluminum doped zinc oxide ( AZO), fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO, SnO2: F), antimony-doped tin oxide (ATO, SnO2: Sb), and / or carbon nanotubes and / or optically transparent electrically conductive polymers, preferably poly (3 , 4-ethylenedioxythiophenes), polystyrene sulfonate, poly (4,4-dioctyl cyclopentadithiophene), 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyan-1,4-benzoquinone, mixtures and / or copolymers thereof, and / or the coating electrically conductive transparent (3) has a sheet resistance of 0.35 ohm / square to 200 ohm / square, preferably 0.6 ohm / square to 30 ohm / square.
    [0010]
    10. Composite panel, characterized by the fact that it comprises at least: - a panel (10) as defined in any of claims 1 to 9, and - a second panel (1.2), which is connected to the panel (10) over the entire its surface via at least one intermediate layer (2).
    [0011]
    11. Method for producing a panel (10) as defined in any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized by the fact that at least: a. the electrically conductive transparent coating (3) is applied to the outer face (III) and / or the inner face (IV) of a first panel (1.1), and b. at least one region (9) with at least one outer uncoated structure (4.1) and one inner uncoated structure (4.2) is introduced into the electrically conductive transparent coating (3), where the electrically conductive transparent coating (3) is located between the external uncoated structure (4.1) and internal uncoated structure (4.2) and within the internal uncoated structure (4.2).
    [0012]
    12. Method for producing a panel (10) according to claim 11, characterized by the fact that the uncoated structure (4.1, 4.2) is introduced into the electrically conductive transparent coating (3) by laser standardization.
    [0013]
    13. Method for producing a panel (10) according to claim 11 or 12, characterized by the fact that, in step (a), the electrically conductive transparent coating (3) is applied to a carrier layer (6) and the carrier layer (6) is connected to the first panel (1.1) over its entire surface, preferably via an intermediate layer (2).
    [0014]
    14. Use of a panel (10) as defined in any of claims 1 to 9, or of a composite panel (1) as defined in claim 10, characterized by the fact that it is like glazing with low transmission attenuation for electromagnetic radiation of high frequency, in a vehicle body or in a vehicle door of a means of land, water or air transport, preferably as a windshield, in buildings as part of an external facade or building window, and / or as a part embedded in furniture and appliances.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    EP2906417A1|2015-08-19|
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    ES2707776T3|2019-04-05|
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    KR101941412B1|2019-01-22|
    EP3081378B1|2018-10-24|
    EP2906417B1|2019-08-07|
    PT2906417T|2019-11-18|
    BR112015007536A2|2017-07-04|
    EP3575079A1|2019-12-04|
    EA201590737A1|2015-08-31|
    WO2014060203A1|2014-04-24|
    EP3081378A1|2016-10-19|
    CA2887333C|2017-05-02|
    PT3081378T|2019-01-30|
    ES2753806T3|2020-04-14|
    JP2016506308A|2016-03-03|
    TR201900179T4|2019-02-21|
    PL2906417T3|2020-02-28|
    US20150343884A1|2015-12-03|
    US9878597B2|2018-01-30|
    US10500929B2|2019-12-10|
    MX2015004698A|2015-08-07|
    CA2887333A1|2014-04-24|
    PL3081378T3|2019-05-31|
    KR20180014875A|2018-02-09|
    CN104703794B|2018-04-03|
    US20180111448A1|2018-04-26|
    JP6113291B2|2017-04-12|
    KR101826818B1|2018-02-07|
    KR20150054985A|2015-05-20|
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    法律状态:
    2018-03-06| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according art. 34 industrial property law|
    2018-03-13| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according art. 34 industrial property law|
    2018-03-20| B06I| Technical and formal requirements: publication cancelled|Free format text: ANULADA A PUBLICACAO CODIGO 6.6.1 NA RPI NO 2462 DE 13/03/2018 POR TER SIDO INDEVIDA. |
    2019-11-26| B06U| Preliminary requirement: requests with searches performed by other patent offices: suspension of the patent application procedure|
    2020-12-22| B09A| Decision: intention to grant|
    2021-03-02| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 27/09/2013, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    EP12188534.7|2012-10-15|
    EP12188534|2012-10-15|
    PCT/EP2013/070233|WO2014060203A1|2012-10-15|2013-09-27|Panel with high-frequency transmission|
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